Electron Micrographic Representations of Mechanisms of Action of Murine Norovirus on ATCC TIB-71 Cells and Level of Gene Expression

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the number one cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide resulting in a significant morbidity and mortality all age groups. However, despite medical relevance HuNoV, effective treatment against norovirus infection is yet to be developed. In this study, we investigated anti-Noroviral activity Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) calyces Zanthoxylum armatum (ZA) seeds using murine norovirus, surrogate human norovirus. The antiviral mechanisms action were also examined gene expression studies transmission electron microscopy. Our results showed that virus-infected cells left potentially void cell machineries whereas uninfected represent healthy normal dividing cells. infected treated with extracts restoration dense cytoplasm, cytoplasmic membrane, nucleus. These associated ORF genes. This study demonstrates properties thus indicates their potential as natural remedies treat noroviruses.